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''Było sobie miasteczko...'' ((英語:There Once Was a Town...)) is a 2009 Polish historical documentary film about the 1943 Kisielin massacre in the village of Kisielin (now Kysylyn), located in the Wołyń Voivodeship in Poland before World War II, (now in Ukraine). The film, directed by Tadeusz Arciuch and Maciej Wojciechowski, was produced by Adam Kruk for Telewizja Polska.〔 ( "BYŁO SOBIE MIASTECZKO..." ) (There once was a town...), National Film School in Łódź (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. Leona Schillera), Łódź, Poland 1998. 〕 ''Było sobie miasteczko...'' tells the story of a small town which, until World War II, belonged to the Second Polish Republic Eastern region of Kresy. People of different nationalities used to live there in peace: Poles, Ukrainians, Jews, Germans, the Czechs. Kisielin was wealthy and prosperous. There was a publishing house and a library there, an oil pressing factory, and a distillery, a brickyard, as well as a dairy plant. Today, only the ethnic Ukrainian villagers remain. The old ruins of a Polish Catholic church serve as witness to the tragedy that took place there during the massacres of Poles in Volhynia. On 11 July 1943, a group of Ukrainian nationalists slaughtered the Polish worshipers inside the Kisielin temple, and set it on fire. The rest of the Polish inhabitants escaped from Kisielin, never to return.〔〔Tadeusz Piotrowski, ( ''Genocide and rescue in Wołyń: recollections of the Ukrainian nationalist ethnic cleansing campaign...''. Page 36. ) McFarland, 2000. ISBN 0-7864-0773-5. 319 pages〕 The narrators of the film belong to the same Polish family of Dębski originally from Kisielin. Among them: Krzesimir Dębski, his mother Aniela, brother Wisław, son Radzimir, and niece Ulesława Lubek. Also, some ethnic Ukrainians make appearances – all present day Kisielin inhabitants – of whom the majority still remembers those events. A title of the film is taken from the monograph about Kisielin and its inhabitants,〔Włodzimierz Sławosz Dębski, ( ''Bylo sobie miasteczko. Opowiesc wolynska.'' ) Book cover.〕 written by a deceased father of Krzesimir Dębski, Włodzimierz Sławosz Dębski.〔 The musical setting for the film constitutes the work of the mentioned Krzesimir Dębski (now a classical composer), inspired by his own borderland memories, especially the excerpts of his Oratorio to the End of Kresy, composed in commemoration of the victims of Polish genocide in Wołyń.〔Grzegorz Motyka, ( "Zapomnijcie o Giedroyciu," ) Gazeta Wyborcza, 24 May 2008〕 The world premiere of his work was held on 17 September 2008, at the Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra. The film is not only a story about the murdered Poles of Kisielin. It is also a reflection on the eradication of Polish culture and tradition in the entire region, and the painful legacy that lingers.〔 ==Reception== Polish historian and publicist Ewa Siemaszko noted, that many Ukrainians in Volhynia and Lesser Poland today, are afraid to talk about the destroyed Polish settlements and the locations of Polish mass graves in Western Ukraine. The reason for that lies in the politicized mythology surrounding the OUN-UPA death squads in the struggle for Ukrainian independence.〔Jacek Dytkowski, ( "Nie ma wątpliwości, że ludobójstwo," ) (No doubt, it was a genocide) after: Nasz Dziennik, Środa, 16 lipca 2008, Nr 165 (3182), published by ''Bibula. Pismo niezalezne'' with photographs from the collection of E. i W. Siemaszko, 15 July 2008. 〕〔 The OUN-UPA formations used to treat people saving Poles as traitors. Many ethnic Ukrainians paid for such "betrayal" with their lives in World War II. As a result, Poles in Poland who wish to thank those righteous today,〔Tadeusz Piotrowski, ( ''Genocide and rescue in Wołyń: recollections of the Ukrainian nationalist ethnic cleansing campaign...''. Page 36. ) McFarland, 2000. ISBN 0-7864-0773-5. 319 pages〕 try to avoid listing their names on inscriptions and on monuments in fear of reprisal.〔Anna Cichobłazińska, ( "Wołyń we krwi" ) (Wołyń smeared with blood), interview with Ewa Siemaszko, Tygodnik Katolicki ''Niedziela'', 28/2009. 〕 The date of July 11 has a symbolic meaning in the history of Polish genocide in Volhynia. On that Sunday, the OUN-UPA death squads aided by local peasants simultaneously attacked over 100 Polish settlements within the Wołyń Voivodeship. It was a well-orchestrated attack on people gathered for a Sunday mass at Catholic churches.〔 The towns affected included Kisielin, Poryck, Chrynów, Zabłoćce, Krymn, with dozens of other towns attacked at different dates with tens of churches and chapels burned to the ground. The Volhynian massacres spread over four prewar voivodeships including Wołyń with 60,000 victims, as well as Lwów, Stanisławów and Tarnopol in Little Poland with 70,000 Poles murdered for the total of 130,000 Polish victims of UPA terror. Wiktor Poliszczuk estimates that 36 thousand Ukrainians died at their hands as well.〔〔Tadeusz Piotrowski, ( ''Genocide and rescue in Wołyń.'' Page 22. ) McFarland, 2000. ISBN 0-7864-0773-5. 319 pages〕 In 2003, both Presidents of Poland and Ukraine, Aleksander Kwaśniewski and Leonid Kuchma, paid their homage to the victims of ethnic cleansing by meeting in Poryck (now Pawliwka). In 2006, the Presidents Lech Kaczyński and Viktor Yushchenko met again, to encourage historical reconciliation between the two nations.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Było sobie miasteczko...」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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